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Digital cameras usually have an electronic version and a traditional mechanical shutter. In this article we will see as a shutter e is performed in the CMOS image sensor.

In the CMOS image sensors of electric charge created in each pixel by incident photons is read by an amplifier in the pixel itself. This analog information is read one line at a time. The time required for the operation Reading an overall framework is quite long. For example, in a 3-megapixel sensor takes about 82ms. This time corresponds to 1/12s. Compared with a shutter speed typical (1/15s – 1/1000s), 1/12s is a very long time. It is not possible to reset all the lines (to clear any accumulated signal), allowing and the integration of photons incident on the start time of exposure and then read them all. That can happen that the time required for reading is not negligible compared to the time of exposure. For example, suppose that we select an exposure time of 1/125s. After this time, one begins to read the image. The first line is read after exactly 1/125s. While the first line is read, all other lines to keep processing solar radiation incident electrons, making the exposure time. The last line will read after 1 / 125 1 / 12s = 1/11s. Over time exposure Real will not agree 1/125s unacceptable, but longer (1/11s).

An electronic shutter should operate differently. Good idea is not reset all the rows between them before starting the integration of incident light, but one at a time, in order. Each line is zero, so the time during which the light is integrated exactly what will be selected by the Member of the shutter speed. In the example above, 1/125s each line is reset before reading. So here's what happens. The first row is reset and 1/125s after reading. It takes about 50 microseconds (1/20000s) to read a line. For example, 50 microseconds after the first line has been restored, the second line is restored, too. 50Âμs After more than a third row is reset and so on. 1/125s after the first line was restored, it read. 50Âμs after the second line is read, too, after 50Âμs others will be the turn of the third row and so on. Thus, all lines are exactly 1/125s, but will have a displacement between them in when they are actually incurred. This material "Mechanism gives the name to this type of trigger:" Rolling mail trigger. You can give an exposure time as below 50Âμs to an arbitrary amount of time (eg 1 minute).

Rolling shutter itself can be used to make films, which require 25-30 images per second. CMOS image usually also have a global shutter mode to reset all the lines at the same time, combined with a mechanical shutter. However, electronic shutters are much more reliable than mechanical and maintenance free.

Andrea Ghilardelli runs an online photo retouching service. To get your pictures beautifully retouched and for articles about photography, please visit his site: http://www.ilghila.com.

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